Fig. 3: Multi-year ENSO, ENSO period and amplitude relationship in proxies and selected simulations.
From: Increased frequency of multi-year El Niño–Southern Oscillation events across the Holocene
a,b, The relationship between the ratio of multi-year to single-year ENSO rENSO on the x axis and the ENSO-dominant period (a) or ENSO amplitude (b) on the y axis. The dashed blue lines show the linear fit. The blue circles in a provide reference diameters of the circles (proportional to data length). The purple circle in a is for ERSST reanalysis of 1854–2023 ce, but it is not shown in b because it is not appropriate to compare the variability of SST and δ18O directly. In a and b, the P values in the Pearson correlation (corr) are shown in the figure legend. c, A comparison of corr(rENSO, ENSO period) (blue) and corr(rENSO, ENSO amplitude) (red) in proxies and four selected simulations.
