Fig. 4: Groundwater residence times of the sSG and a conceptual depiction of the proposed changes in offshore subsurface hydrology and sediment geochemistry following the retreat of the FIS.
From: Deglaciation drove seawater infiltration and slowed submarine groundwater discharge
a, sSG groundwater residence times for a chlorinity range of 450–550 mM, indicated by the error range, based on the 14CDIC content of porewater from the core base of PC29 and PC37. b,c, Meteoric water imprints in marine sediment porewaters indicate a history of offshore aquifer freshening, attributed to increased hydraulic head gradients as a result of glacial loading during the Last Glacial Maximum (b) while saline groundwater residence times illustrate that, after the collapse of the FIS and retreat of marine-based outlet glaciers, seawater started infiltrating the offshore aquifer (c). d, Decelerating groundwater discharge velocities due to glacial unloading allowed the SMTZ to move into the sediments, resulting in the formation of barite and carbonate within the sediments opposed to on the seafloor. Figure created with Affinity Designer.
