Fig. 1: Geographical distribution of the faunal samples.
Pale blue area indicates approximate zone of continuous permafrost at the LGM20. White area indicates LGM extent of ice sheets and glaciers40. Dark blue area indicates zone of present-day continuous and discontinuous permafrost distribution41. Pink squares: samples collected from regions where no permafrost was present during the last 50,000 years. Green circles: samples collected from areas that either had permafrost present or were under ice sheets/alpine glaciers at the LGM but where permafrost/ice sheets/alpine glaciers are absent today. Yellow triangles: samples collected from regions in which permafrost has been present throughout the past 50,000 years.
