Fig. 3: Changes in the female LE advantage from 2019 through 2021. | Nature Human Behaviour

Fig. 3: Changes in the female LE advantage from 2019 through 2021.

From: Life expectancy changes since COVID-19

Fig. 3

The blue upwards arrows indicate increases and the red downwards arrows indicate decreases in the female LE advantage. We tested the hypothesis of no change in the sex gap between 2019 and 2021. *P ≤ 0.05; ***P ≤ 0.001.

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