Table 4 Results of meta-analyses of determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake

Outcome	No. of studies and references	WHO region(s) represented	OR (95% CI)	P	I² within
Gender (men versus women)	6, refs. ^{58,61,64,69,84,99}	AMR, EUR, WPR	1.55 (1.27–1.89)	<0.001	33%
Age (<40 years versus ≥40 years)	4, refs. ^58,61,69,84	AMR, WPR	0.58 (0.53–0.64)	<0.001	96%
Marriage/cohabitation (single/divorced/widowed versus married/cohabited)	2, refs. ^58,69	WPR	0.86 (0.68–1.09)	0.21	68%
Race (Black versus white)	3, refs. ^61,84,99	AMR	0.60 (0.52–0.70)	<0.001	66%
Race (others (Latinx/Hispanic/mixed race) versus white)	2, refs. ^61,99	AMR	0.31 (0.28–0.34)	<0.001	91%
Education (primary and below versus secondary and above)	5, refs. ^{58,69,81,84,99}	AMR, WPR	0.50 (0.41–0.61)	<0.001	73%
Income (low versus medium/high)	2, refs. ^58,84	AMR, WPR	0.91 (0.61–1.34)	0.62	34%
Employment (unemployed versus employed)	4, refs. ^64,69,84,99	AMR, EUR, WPR	0.56 (0.43–0.73)	0.002	74%
Receipt of influenza vaccination (yes versus no)	2, refs. ^61,69	AMR, WPR	6.73 (6.11–7.14)	<0.001	93%

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