Extended Data Fig. 3: Relationship between phase resetting and phase precession.

(a) Lower panel: theta phases from the local field potential signal recorded in a microelectrode where a phase precession neuron was identified. Upper panel: the inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) was computed across all the trials from this microelectrode and was plotted as a function of time. Grey shaded area indicates significantly consistent phase coherence across trials, or phase resetting. (b) Averaged ITPC computed within 500 ms time window following soft boundaries versus hard boundaries separately for all the microelectrodes where a phase precession neuron was identified (n = 50). The asterisk and horizontal line denote the mean and median of the data, respectively. The shaded violin shape represents the data distribution with lower end of 1^st percentile (minima) and top end of 99^th percentile (maxima). The top edge and bottom edge of the shaded rectangle represent the mean ± std. and mean – std., respectively. The top edge and bottom edge of the shaded hourglass represents the 75^th and 25^th percentile, respectively. **p = 0.006 (two-tailed ANOVA test). (c) Ratio of phase precession neuron showing significant phase precession following only soft boundaries (SB), only hard boundaries (HB) or both conditions. (d) Correlation between ITPC and the time ratio of theta bouts occupied within the phase precession analysis windows (Pearson’s correlation). Each dot represents one microelectrode with phase precession neurons detected. (e-g) Among all the microelectrodes with phase precession neurons detected during encoding (c), scene recognition (d), and time discrimination (e), the proportion of channels showing theta phase resetting (dark blue) or not (light blue).