Fig. 5: Longitudinal analysis.
a–c, Longitudinal growth trajectories and baseline differences across the ADOS (a), Vineland (b) and MSEL subscales (c), stratified by sex. Only subscales with statistically significant sex differences in intercept and/or slope (P < 0.05) are shown (Extended Data Table 6). For the ADOS, significant differences were observed in the intercept and slope for TD-Social Affect, the slope for ASD-Social Affect, the intercept for TD-RRB, the intercept and slope for TD-Overall Total, and the slope for ASD-Overall Total. For the Vineland, significant differences were found in the intercept for TD-Communication, TD-Daily Living Skills, TD-Socialization and TD-ABC, and in the slope for ASD-Motor Skills and TD-Motor Skills. For the MSEL, significant intercept differences were identified for TD-Visual Reception, TD-Receptive Language and TD-Expressive Language. Smoothed trend lines represent estimated values with 95% CIs (shaded areas) and individual participant trajectories are shown as thin lines to highlight variability. See the datasets ados.long.csv, vine.long.csv and mul.long.csv in the GitHub repository (Longitudinal Analysis; https://github.com/ACE-UCSD/Autism-Sex-Differences-Analysis-Pathway).
