Electronic and photonic devices based on graphene have unique properties, leading to outstanding performance figures of merit. Mastering the integration of this unconventional material into an established semiconductor fabrication line represents a critical step towards commercialization.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Molecularly tailored SAMs for Ru interconnects: high-temperature stability, suppressed metal diffusion, and enhanced adhesion
NPG Asia Materials Open Access 29 November 2025
-
Graphene-PbS quantum dot hybrid photodetectors from 200 mm wafer scale processing
Scientific Reports Open Access 27 April 2025
-
Graphene MEMS and NEMS
Microsystems & Nanoengineering Open Access 28 October 2024
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$32.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to the full article PDF.
USD 39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout


References
Wang, L. et al. Science 342, 614–617 (2013).
Nair, R. R. et al. Science 320, 1308 (2008).
Geim, A. K. & Novoselov, K. S. Nat. Mater. 6, 183–191 (2007).
Konstantatos, G. et al. Nat. Nanotechol. 7, 363–368 (2012).
Schall, D. et al. in Proc. Optical Fiber Communication Conference M2I.4 (OSA, 2018).
Dauber, J. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 193501 (2015).
Smith, A. D. et al. Nano Lett. 13, 3237–3242 (2013).
Wang, T. et al. Nano-Micro Lett. 8, 95–119 (2016).
Huang, L. et al. Sci. Rep. 4, 5548 (2014).
Goossens, S. et al. Nat. Photon. 11, 366–371 (2017).
Novoselov, K. S., Mishchenko, A., Carvalho, A. & Castro Neto, A. H. Science 353, aac9439 (2016).
Geng, H. Semiconductor Manufacturing Handbook (McGraw-Hill Education, 2017).
Li, M. et al. Adv. Sci. 3, 1600003 (2016).
Gao, L. et al. Nature 505, 190–194 (2014).
Zhang, Y., Zhang, L. & Zhou, C. Acc. Chem. Res. 46, 2329–2339 (2013).
Banszerus, L. et al. Sci. Adv. 1, e1500222 (2015).
Gannett, W. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 242105 (2011).
Xu, X. et al. Sci. Bull. 62, 1074–1080 (2017).
Vlassiouk, I. V. et al. Nat. Mater. 17, 318–322 (2018).
Chen, M., Haddon, R. C., Yan, R. & Bekyarova, E. Mater. Horiz. 4, 1054–1063 (2017).
Giubileo, F. & Di Bartolomeo, A. Progr. Surf. Sci. 92, 143–175 (2017).
Anzi, L. et al. 2D Mater. 5, 025014 (2018).
Das, S., Chen, H.-Y., Penumatcha, A. V. & Appenzeller, J. Nano Lett. 13, 100–105 (2013).
Allain, A., Kang, J., Banerjee, K. & Kis, A. Nat. Mater. 14, 1195–1205 (2015).
Iannazzo, M. et al. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices. 62, 3870–3875 (2015).
Agarwal, T. et al. IEEE J. Electron Devices Soc. 6, 979–986 (2018).
Janssen, T. J. B. M. et al. Metrologia 49, 294–306 (2012).
Acknowledgements
All authors acknowledge funding from the European Union H2020 Graphene Flagship project (grant agreement no. 785219).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors conceived this work and collaborated equally in the writing of the text.
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Neumaier, D., Pindl, S. & Lemme, M.C. Integrating graphene into semiconductor fabrication lines. Nat. Mater. 18, 525–529 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0359-7
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0359-7
This article is cited by
-
Molecularly tailored SAMs for Ru interconnects: high-temperature stability, suppressed metal diffusion, and enhanced adhesion
NPG Asia Materials (2025)
-
2D bismuth oxyselenide semiconductor for future electronics
Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering (2025)
-
Graphene-PbS quantum dot hybrid photodetectors from 200 mm wafer scale processing
Scientific Reports (2025)
-
Graphene MEMS and NEMS
Microsystems & Nanoengineering (2024)
-
Controlling photothermoelectric directional photocurrents in graphene with over 400 GHz bandwidth
Nature Communications (2024)