Extended Data Fig. 3: Measurement of the skyrmion topology via the skyrmion Hall effect.
From: Observation of fluctuation-mediated picosecond nucleation of a topological phase
a, For Bz = 37 mT. b, For Bz = − 36 mT. The first image in each sequence was produced by a single >16 mJ/cm2 laser pulse from a saturated state. Between subsequent images, single current pulses of the indicated polarity and direction (4 ns duration and between 7 × 1011 A/m2 and 9 × 1011 A/m2 in amplitude) were applied. The size of all circles is 1.3 μm. c,d, Spin structures of a negative polarity (black in x-ray images) and positive polarity (white) skyrmion, respectively.
