Extended Data Fig. 3: Autocatalysis behavior in Li-rich layered oxide agglomerate particles.
From: Fictitious phase separation in Li layered oxides driven by electro-autocatalysis
The initial composition of the material was Li1.17(Ni0.21Mn0.54Co0.08)O2. Prior to the 2nd cycle, the material was charged up to a specific capacity of 108.3 mAh/g and discharged by the same amount (voltage hold at 2.5 V at the end of discharge). This capacity, which is within the cation-redox region, was selected to conduct the experiment while avoiding the irreversible and complex structural changes associated with anion-redox. The contrast between the fast delithiation case (1112 mA/g; upper panels in a) and all other conditions (lower panels in a and all panels in b) indicate autocatalysis behavior similar to other NMC compositions. The autocatalytic effect manifests at a much earlier stage of delithiation, compared with other NMC compositions. c The (003) peak positions monitored during the operando XRD experiment, confirming the reversibility in the early capacity region of cation-redox.
