Fig. 3: Additive-induced hole concentration improving the perovskite luminescence yield.
a, A photo of two perovskite films (the pristine film with a large amount of additives and IPA-washed film with a lower amount of additives) under UV light illumination. b,c, PL spectra (b) and normalized PL lifetime (c) of these two perovskite films based on the same measurement setups. d, A schematic diagram to control the amount of additives through changing the precursor compositions, with the amount of additives continuously increasing from sample 1 to sample 5. e, PL lifetimes and absolute PL intensities of these five perovskite samples. f, Our and published results where the PL intensity enhancement and PL lifetime increment are compared. The solid blue line is the theoretical prediction based on the defect passivation model.
