Fig. 1: Integrated phase shifter used to measure permittivity and Pockels coefficients. | Nature Materials

Fig. 1: Integrated phase shifter used to measure permittivity and Pockels coefficients.

From: Barium titanate and lithium niobate permittivity and Pockels coefficients from megahertz to sub-terahertz frequencies

Fig. 1

a, Schematic of the cross-section of the phase shifter used for EO characterization. PMMA, polymethyl methacrylate. b, E-field profile of an optical mode in the phase shifter for λ = 1,550 nm. c, RF E-field profile when a 50-GHz electrical signal is applied to the electrodes. d, Spatially varying refractive-index change in the EO material due to the Pockels effect. The maximum Δn/ΔV is on the order of 10−5 V−1 for LN and 10−4 V−1 for BTO. Note that the values in b–d are normalized to fit the same colour scale.

Back to article page