Fig. 1: Biomarkers of microbial translocation in children with stunting and controls.
From: Adaptation of the small intestine to microbial enteropathogens in Zambian children with stunting
Plasma concentrations of biomarkers in children with stunting at baseline (n = 297), when non-response was declared (n = 108) and in controls at baseline (n = 44). a–d, LPS (a); LBP (b), sCD14 (c) and iFABP (d). Differences between baseline samples in children with stunting and controls were significant for LPS, LBP and sCD14 (P = 0.0001 by two-sided Kruskal–Wallis test) but not iFABP. To compare those children who had both baseline samples and samples when non-response was declared, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used: LPS (P < 0.001); LBP (P = 0.006); sCD14 (P < 0.001); iFABP (P = 0.01). Several extreme values have been omitted from the graphs to allow easier visual assessment: 2 LPS values of over 3,000 EU ml−1 at baseline and 3 iFABP values of over 10 ng ml−1, two of which were at baseline. However, these values were included in all statistical analyses. The box plot shows the median, IQR and 5th and 95th centiles.
