Extended Data Fig. 10: P9 promotes thermogenesis via the GLP-1R signaling pathway and IL-6.
a, Weight gain and food intake, and b, OGTT and ITT data after 8 weeks of HF-diet-feeding (WT: n = 8, IL-6KO: n = 6). c, Insulin tolerance testing (ITT) and AUC data for wild type (WT) and IL-6 knockout (IL-6 KO) HF-fed mice that were orally administered P9 (100 μg per mouse) ± i.p. injected with exendin 9–39 (a GLP-1R antagonist, 0.8 μg per mouse) for 8 weeks. n = 8 mice per group for WT (left) and n = 6 mice per group for IL-6 KO (right) mice. d, Weight gain, e, food intake (g per mouse per day), and f, temperatures of the iBAT and eye, measured after a cold shock at 5 °C for 4 h by infrared thermography (n = 8 mice per group). Data are presented as the means ± SEMs. Number of mice per group for c–e: WT HF: 7, HF + P9: 8, HF + P9 + Ex9–39: 7; IL-6 KO mice HF: 6, HF + P9: 6, HF + P9 + Ex9–39: 6. Number of mice per group for f: WT HF: 8, HF + P9: 8, HF + P9 + Ex9–39: 8; IL-6 KO mice: HF: 6, HF + P9: 6, HF + P9 + Ex9–39: 6. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for c (left panel), d, and e. For the data in c (right panel), one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test was used. The unpaired t-test was used to analyze the data in f. *, ***, and **** indicate significant differences (P < 0.05, < 0.001, and < 0.0001, respectively).
