Extended Data Fig. 9: Number of ARGs and mobile ARGs identified in the different antibiotic classes.

a, The overall number of ARGs are statistically the same for the old and new antibiotic groups, no matter which microbiomes were considered. (anthropogenic soil: P = 0.4377, human-associated (gut/clinical): P = 0.601, Welch Two-Sample two-sided t-test, n = 5 and n = 5 for new and old, where 'n' represents the number of antibiotics, respectively; boxplots show the median (center horizontal line), the first and third quartiles (bottom and top of box, respectively), with whiskers showing either the maximum (minimum) value or 1.5 times the interquartile range of the data). b, The above results remained when the analysis was restricted to ARGs with established horizontal gene transfer events (anthropogenic soil: P = 0.1994, Welch Two-Sample two-sided t-test, n = 3 and n= 2 for new and old, where 'n' represents the number of antibiotics, respectively; human-associated (gut/clinical): P = 0.6426, Welch Two-Sample t-test, n = 4 and n = 5, for new and old, respectively). Data is available in Supplementary Table 7.