Fig. 1: Phylogeny and environmental distribution of hydrothermal plume Sulfurimonas sp.

a, Rooted phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene sequences of Sulfurimonas species (S.) and closest relatives, including isolates and environmental sequences, with Sulfuricurvum as outgroup. The integer numbers and the percentage in parentheses indicate the number of sequences in a given branch and the contribution of Sulfurimonas sequences to the total number of sequences in Illumina amplicon sequencing datasets, respectively. In square brackets, the percentage of 16S rRNA gene identity is reported for the plume Sulfurimonas cluster. b, The two plots show the contribution of the hydrothermal plume Sulfurimonas ecotypes (see Extended Data Fig. 3 for details) to the total number of sequences. c, Rooted outgroup phylogenetic tree based on concatenated SCG = 258 of Sulfurimonas and Sulfuricurvum using partition substitution models. Hydrothermal vent (HV) environments include: chimney, sediments, fluids and animal body/nest. The scale bar represents the expected number of changes per nucleotide position. UFBoot and SH-aLRT values are based on 1,000 replicates. Best substitution model for 16S rRNA gene tree: TVMe+I + G4. GB: Guaymas Basin; MAR: Mid Atlantic Ridge; MCR: Mid Cayman Rise; GR: Gakkel Ridge; SWIR: Southwest Indian Ridge; EPR: East Pacific Rise.