Extended Data Fig. 1: Glucose at a concentration similar to that in brain tissue is sufficient to induce AmB tolerance.
From: Brain glucose induces tolerance of Cryptococcus neoformans to amphotericin B during meningitis
a, Cells were cultured in glucose-free RPMI medium supplemented with glucose before challenge with 1 hr 10 × MIC AmB treatment. The percent survival was normalized to survival without AmB. Shaded color represents SD of three biological replicates. b, The stimulatory effect of glucose on AmB tolerance is independent of its growth- promoting activity. The influences of different metabolites on the growth of a wildtype C. neoformans strain were evaluated relative to glucose (Down). Yellow dots represent metabolites with similar fungal growth-promoting effect to glucose (0.8–1.2 times CFU to glucose). Histogram indicating the influence of metabolites with similar fungal growth-promoting effect to glucose on the AmB tolerance (Up). Dots are representative of means of two independent experiments. c, AmB MIC levels of the wildtype strain cultured at different glucose concentrations were measured with a method described by CLSI. Yellow indicates fungal cell survival under corresponding drug concentration. d, A minimum duration for killing 99% of cells (MDK99) test of AmB using a wildtype C. neoformans strain treated at 10 × MIC. Cells were cultured on glucose-free RPMI medium supplemented with 0, 0.25, or 4 mM glucose for 6 hrs before exposure to AmB. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test in (d).
