Fig. 1: PS exposure in the viral envelope of ZIKV is essential for infection.
a, Schematic enzymatic lipid modification of virions. Viral particles are treated with PS decarboxylase (PSD), cleaving CO2 and yielding phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). b, Treatment of ZIKV, HIV-1, HSV-1 and HSV-2 with indicated concentrations of PSD for 30 min before inoculation of target cells. Infection was analysed at 2 days post-infection. N = 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) or n = 3 (ZIKV and HIV-1) independent experiments with mean biological triplicates, mean values ± standard deviation (s.d.) shown. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test compared with PBS controls, 95% confidence interval, all without indication P > 0.05, not significant. See Extended Data Fig. 1a for reaction kinetics and Extended Data Fig. 1b for cytotoxicity. c, Anti-ZIKV activity of liposomes containing increasing ratios of PS (the remainder being PC). Cells were exposed to the indicated concentrations of liposomes and inoculated with ZIKV. N = 2 independent experiments with mean biological triplicates, mean values ± s.d. shown. See Extended Data Fig. 2a–c for generation, characterization and cytotoxicity of liposomes. d, IC50 values calculated from data in c by non-linear regression. n = 2 independent experiments with mean biological triplicates, mean values ± s.d. shown.
