Extended Data Fig. 9: Effects of SPARDA expression on cell growth during phage infection at different MOI.

a, Growth of E. coli cultures (DH5α Turbo for Qβ and N15, MG1655 for other phages) expressing NbaSPARDA or containing control empty pBAD and infected with indicated phages at low MOI (~3 × 10-6 for Qβ, 8 × 10-3 for N15, 1 × 10-5 for T6, 4 × 10-3 for 121Q, 4 × 10-6 for T7, T4, T2). The phages were added in the starting liquid cultures simultaneously with the induction of SPARDA. The results of a single experiment for each phage are shown. b, Growth of E. coli cultures (MG1655) expressing WT or mutant NbaSPARDA and infected with phages P1, λ, T5 and P2 at low MOI (MOI 3.6 × 10-4 for P1 and T5, 3.6 × 10-3 for λ, 3.6 × 10-6 for P2). Means and standard deviations from 5 replicate experiments. The phages were added in the starting liquid cultures simultaneously with the induction of SPARDA (indicated with gray asterisks). c, Growth of E. coli cultures (BL21(DE3)) expressing CmeSPARDA and infected with phages P1 and λ at low MOI (MOI = 3.6 × 10-4 for P1, MOI = 3.6 × 10-3 for λ). The phages were inoculated in the starting liquid cultures simultaneously with the induction of SPARDA. Means and standard deviations from 4 replicates. d,e, Growth of E. coli cultures (BL21(DE3)) containing empty pBAD or expressing NbaSPARDA or CmeSPARDA and infected with phages P1, λ, T5 and P2 at MOI 1.0 (d) and 0.1 (e). The cells were grown for 3 hours 20 min after induction of SPARDA expression before phage inoculation (indicated with gray asterisks). Means and standard deviations from 4 replicate experiments. The results for phages P1 and λ correspond to Fig. 4b, c. For measurements of CFU and PFU numbers (Fig. 4f, g), the samples were collected at 8 h 20 m of growth after SPARDA induction (indicated with blue asterisks).