Extended Data Fig. 1: Experimental design for over 2 years.

a-b We collected seed tubers of 6 potato varieties from 30 fields per variety (180 fields in total) in the Netherlands in the autumn of 2018 (year 1) and 2019 (year 2). Tubers from these 180 fields per year were stored over winter and the tubers were planted in each of 3 trial fields in the next spring. c In both years, the trial fields were located near Montfrin (M) in France and near Kollumerwaard (K) and Veenklooster (V) in the Netherlands. In each of the trial fields, the seed tubers were planted in randomized block design with 4 replicate blocks of 24 tubers. We monitored the growth and development of the plants that emerged from these seed tubers using aerial images of the complete field with a drone-mounted camera. Of the 180 seedlots of year 1, we selected 60 seedlots from which we took 4 replicate samples for microbiome analysis. In year 2, the microbiomes were analyzed with 2 replicate samples of all 180 seedlots. Credit: icons in a,b, Flaticon.com.