Extended Data Fig. 7: Cytopathogenicity of recombinant viruses in nasal epithelium at day 7.
From: Phenotypic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike during the COVID-19 pandemic
a, Microphotographs showing cell sloughing detected by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) in infected hNEC with the indicated viruses at 4 dpi. b, Quantification of cell sloughing in three biological replicates using two independent set of clones for each spike recombinant virus using whole-section software assisted imaging. c, Microphotographs showing RNA in situ hybridisation of SARS-CoV-2 spike in hNEC at 7 dpi. d, Quantification of cell sloughing at 7 days post infection from three biological replicates. e, Microphotographs showing cell sloughing detected by H&E in infected hNEC with the indicated viruses at 7 dpi. f, Quantification of cell sloughing at 7dpi from three biological replicates. g, Microphotographs showing apoptotic cells, as revealed by TUNEL assays, in hNEC infected with the indicated viruses at 7 dpi. Apoptotic nuclei are stained in brown. h, Microphotographs of cleaved caspase-3 in hNEC infected with the indicated viruses at 7 dpi. Cells with cleaved caspase-3 are stained in brown. i, Microphotographs showing RNA in situ-hybridisation for the detection of IFIT1 RNA at 7 dpi in hNEC infected with the indicated viruses. j, Quantification of apoptotic nuclei (revealed by TUNEL assays as in (g) using whole-section software assisted image analysis. k, Quantification of caspase-3 cleavage by software assisted image analysis. l, Quantification of IFIT1 RNA. Data are mean ± standard error to the mean (SEM) of three biological replicates. Statistical significance between S:B.1 and other spike-bearing SARS-CoV-2 was determined by one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons between conditions using the Holm-Ĺ Ădák post-hoc test. The calculated p-values are indicated in the figures. Scale bar: 200 ÎĽm.
