Extended Data Fig. 1: 50% Mouse Lethal Dose (MLD50) of A/bovine/Ohio/B24OSU-439/2024 contaminated milk administered by multiple routes.

Mice (n = 3 or 4 per dilution) were inoculated with the indicated virus-contaminated milk dose in total volume of 50 μL (oral), 30 μL (intranasal), or 10 μL (ocular, 5 μL/eye). Survival was monitored for 14 days post-inoculation. MLD50 values were estimated by method of Reed and Meunch14. Mock inoculated animals received an equal dose of influenza A, M gene real-time PCR negative milk (Ct ≥ 36). The full dilution series was not used for each route.