Extended Data Fig. 2: Abundant gut bacterial species bioaccumulate PFAS.

a. Distribution of PFNA accumulation across all 89 strains (Supplementary Tables 3,9). b. Gram-negative strains show on average higher PFNA accumulation compared to gram-positive strains (Supplementary Tables 3,9). c. Comparison of PFNA accumulation from the resting assay in PBS compared to the growth assay in mGAM (Fig. 1a) show strong positive correlation (Pearson correlation: r = 0.76, p-value = 0.002; Spearman rank correlation: ⍴ = 0.64, p-value = 0.015). d. Data from Fig. 1c including compound control and whole culture samples. PFNA depletion by B. uniformis cultures of varying OD₆₀₀ in PBS buffer. All ODs show significant PFNA accumulation compared to the compound control. OD₆₀₀ = 1–8; 20 μM initial PFNA concentration; two-sided t-test; *** p < 0.001; n = 4 technical replicates (Supplementary Table 10). e. Data from Fig. 1d including compound control and whole culture samples. Kinetics of PFNA depletion during B. uniformis growth starting with low cell density. A significant amount of PFNA was sequestered from the media after 8 h of growth and onwards. Initial OD₆₀₀ = 0.05; 20 μM initial PFNA concentration; * p<0.05 and >20% PFNA sequestration from the media (Supplementary Tables 11,12). p = 0.015 (8h), 0.005 (9h), 0.012 (10h), and 0.014 (11h) (two-sided t-test; n = 3 biological replicates). f. Kinetics of PFNA depletion by B. uniformis when starting with high cell density in mGAM (OD₆₀₀ = 4). Bioaccumulation of ca. 50% PFNA happens within the time frame of sample collection (ca. 5 min). two-sided t-test; ** p-value < 0.01; *** p-value < 0.001; n = 2 biological replicates (Supplementary Table 32). g. Data from Fig. 1g including compound control and whole culture samples. Bioaccumulation of PFAS compounds with varying chain length by B. uniformis. PFNA and PFDA are significantly accumulated compared to the compound control. OD₆₀₀ = 3.75; 20 μM initial concentration for all compounds; two-sided t-test; ** p-value < 0.01; *** p-value < 0.001; n = 3 technical replicates (Supplementary Table 15). h. Data from Fig. 1f including compound control and whole culture samples. PFNA is bioaccumulated by B. uniformis grown in mGAM at a range of initial concentrations compared to the compound control. initial OD₆₀₀ = 0.05; initial PFNA concentrations = 0.01 to 100 μM; Two-sided t-test; p-value FDR corrected for number of concentrations tested; ** adj. p-value < 0.01; *** adj. p-value < 0.001; n = 4 technical replicates (Supplementary Table 14). i. PFNA and PFOA are bioaccumulated by B. uniformis in PBS at a range of initial concentrations. OD₆₀₀ = 3.75; initial PFAS concentrations = 0.78 to 500 μM; Two-sided t-test; p-value FDR corrected for number of concentrations tested; ** adj. p-value < 0.01; *** adj. p-value < 0.001; n = 3 technical replicates (Supplementary Table 33).