Extended Data Fig. 4: Characterisation of HIV-1 WT core nuclear import.

a, Gallery of WT cores in multiple states during the nuclear import. Six representative tomographic slices from each state are showcased. WT cores are indicated by purple arrowheads, nuclear factors are indicated by light purple arrowheads, the nucleus, NE (indicated by black dashed lines in some cases), and NPC (indicated by white circles in the top view in some cases) are annotated accordingly. Scale bars = 50 nm. b, A violin plot of the statistical analysis on the size of cone-shaped WT cores (width measured at the wide end) in each state. The size of imported cone-shaped WT cores measures 52.65 ± 4.280 nm (SE = 0.8393, n = 26), the traversing measures 55.59 ± 4.594 nm (SE = 0.4617, n = 99), the docking measures 56.88 ± 4.996 nm (SE = 0.3673, n = 185), the approaching measures 56.12 ± 5.219 nm (SE = 0.3519, n = 220), and the input measures 57.71 ± 4.758 nm (SE = 0.4644, n = 105). White lines represent the medians, black lines represent the quartiles, and black dots represent individual cone-shaped WT cores (One-way ANOVA test for all, **** = p < 0.0001, *** = p = 0.0005 < 0.001, ** = p = 0.007 < 0.01, * = p = 0.0195 < 0.05, only significant differences are shown, and annotated with asterisk). c, A violin plot of the statistical analysis on the size of tube-shaped WT cores (width measured) in each state. The size of imported tube-shaped WT cores measures 40.86 ± 2.750 nm (SE = 0.3850, n = 51), the traversing measures 42.17 ± 3.088 nm (SE = 0.6304, n = 24), the docking measures 41.00 ± 2.540 nm (SE = 0.4490, n = 32), the approaching measures 41.79 ± 3.848 nm (SE = 0.5554, n = 48), and the input measures 42.27 ± 2.875 nm (SE = 0.5996, n = 23). White lines represent the medians, black lines represent the quartiles, and black dots represent individual tube-shaped WT cores (One-way ANOVA test for all, ns = no significance). d, A representative tomographic slice of a VLP treated with Streptolysin O (SLO) and incubated with purified CPSF6. HIV-1 cores and CPSF6 densities are labelled accordingly. e, The structural comparison between the CA hexamer structure (light purple) from imported WT cores and the CA hexamer structure (grey, set to semi-transparent) from HIV-1 cores incubated with purified CPSF6. The maps on the left are fitted and contoured at 3σ, while the top density on the right is highlighted with maps contoured at 0.5σ.