Extended Data Fig. 4: Upc2 promotes hypha and biofilm formation.

(a) For filamentation assay, cells were grown in YPD at 37 °C for 4 h and stained with Calcofluor-White. White scale bars are 20 microns. The images represent three independent experiments. (b) The scatter plots indicate cell unit length of each strain. Cell lengths were measured using a minimum of 100 cells from 3 different fields. The images represent three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA (Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). The line and error bars indicate the mean ± s.d. (c) For biofilm formation, cells were grown in indicated medium at 37 °C for 24 h, and biofilms were stained with Calcofluor-White. The side-view projection images represent three independent experiments. (d) Biofilm volume measurements. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA (Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). Three biological replicates were used (n = 3). Values are the mean ± s.d of three biological replicates. (e) For filamentation assay, cells were grown in YPD at 37 °C for 24 h under biofilm condition and stained with Calcofluor-White. White scale bars are 20 microns. The images represent three independent experiments. (f) SC5314 wild type, upc2Δ/Δ mutant, and complemented strain upc2Δ/Δ + UPC2 were tested for in vivo biofilm formation in a rat venous catheter infection model. C. albicans cell counts per catheter were determined at 48 h post-infection. The graph presents six independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA (Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). Values are the mean ± s.d of three biological replicates. (g) IGV tracks indicate Ume6 binding sites from ChIP-seq data. The y-axis indicates read counts. The ChIP-seq tracks represent three biological replicates. All strains used in this figure are homozygous for alleles indicated. The WT genotype is UME6-HA/UME6-HA.