Correction to: Nature Microbiology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-025-02074-9, published online 14 August 2025.

In the version of this article initially published, citations to Mahata et al. (Nat. Microbiol. 9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-024-01840-5 (2024)) and associated text were missing from the end of the first and fifth paragraphs of the Results section. The reference and text are now updated in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.