Extended Data Fig. 1: Complete coverage of the phase and the amplitude (reflectivity) for arbitrary generation of a desired reflection coefficient.

a, Reflected phase map on the color scale obtained by running full field simulation with the conditions given in Fig. 2e and varying Vt from −3 V to 2.25 V and Vb from 4.05 V to 5.2 V: if (Vt, Vb) = (0.5 V, 4.6 V) is considered approximately as a reference origin, the result shows the full 360° phase coverage for every concentric ring, for example, along the loop made by the white dashed circular arrow, within the region of interest indicated by the black dashed boundary. b, Reflectivity map on the color scale for the same voltage ranges: every pseudo-circular annulus (or concentric ring) formed by a single color represents an identical reflectivity. When each of these annuli is superposed on top of the reflection-phase map shown in a, it becomes clear that for every amplitude, it is possible to find a voltage combination (Vt, Vb) that leads to any desired phase between 0 and 360°, allowing arbitrary generation of a desired reflection coefficient.