Extended Data Fig. 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the solid EBiGa sample surface. | Nature Nanotechnology

Extended Data Fig. 2: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the solid EBiGa sample surface.

From: Unique surface patterns emerging during solidification of liquid metal alloys

Extended Data Fig. 2

a, XPS spectrum of the Ga 2p region. b, XPS spectrum of the Bi 4f region. c, XPS spectrum of the O 1s region. The XPS analysis suggests that the dominant phases of Ga and Bi at the sample surface are Ga2O3 and metallic Bi, respectively. Such selective Ga oxidation is a result of its much greater Gibbs free energy of oxide formation (from Ga to Ga2O3, ΔGf°(Ga2O3) = -998.3 kJ mol-1) than that of Bi (from Bi to Bi2O3, ΔGf°(Bi2O3) = -493.7 kJ mol-1).

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