Extended Data Fig. 2: Retinal sonogenetic response characteristics for US stimuli of different frequencies. | Nature Nanotechnology

Extended Data Fig. 2: Retinal sonogenetic response characteristics for US stimuli of different frequencies.

From: Ectopic expression of a mechanosensitive channel confers spatiotemporal resolution to ultrasound stimulations of neurons for visual restoration

Extended Data Fig. 2

(a) Mean distributions of the different RGC cell types (ON, OFF, ON-OFF) among short (SL) and long latency (LL) responses in retinas (n = 9) expressing MscL (WT and G22s form) following a 15 MHz US stimulus (SD: 21.6, 28.0, 21.8 % for SL, 34.7, 19.4, 30.3 % for LL cells, for ON, ON-OFF and OFF cells respectively). (b) Mean numbers of RGCs responding to a 15 MHz stimulus of increasing acoustic pressure for MscL WT (n = 3), MscL G22s (n = 5) and NT (n = 4) retinas (0.39 MPa: * p = 0.0163; 0.54 MPa: ns p = 0.1480, * p = 0.0168; 0.74 MPa: ns p = 0.1334, * p = 0.0312; 0.96 MPa: * p = 0.0462, * p = 0.0279; 1.15 MPa: ns p = 0.1617, * p = 0.0145; 1.27 MPa: ns p = 0.1580, * p = 0.0144; unpaired two-tailed t test between MscL WT and NT in gray and MscL-G22s and NT in blue). (c) Scatter plots and geometric means of RGC latencies in response to a 15 MHz US stimulus for MscL (n = 300 cells SD: 48.8), Blockers+MscL (n = 57 cells, SD: 68.0), P23H + MscL (n = 97 cells, SD: 37.5), and NT (n = 41 cells, SD: 27.4) retinas (****, p = 7.3*10-8 for MscL and Blockers MscL vs NT and p < .1*10-15 for P23H MscL vs NT, unpaired two-tailed t-test on log-transformed values). (d) Cumulative frequency distributions of RGC latencies for MscL, Blockers+MscL, P23H + MscL, and NT retinas. (e) Mean percentages of cells responding to US stimuli (normalized against the maximum number of responsive cells in the experiment) of increasing acoustic pressure for 0.5 MHz (ns p = 0.1661;* p = 0.0292; * p = 0.0260; ns p = 0.8628; ns p = 0.1316; ns p = 0.7731; unpaired t test,), 2.25 MHz (ns p = 0.1474; ns p = 0.0522; * p = 0.0140; *** p = 0.0005; **** p < 0.00002; ns p = 0.5000; unpaired t test) and 15 MHz US (* p = 0.0382;** p = 0.0065; * p = 0.0218; ns p = 0.8628; ns p = 0.5859; ns p = 0.4223; unpaired t test) US. The lower x axis represents the corresponding acoustic intensity (Ispta). (f) Mean response latencies of SL cells for 0.5 and 2.25 MHz (n = 9 and 8 retinas). Data are presented as mean values + /- SEM.

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