Fig. 6: Composite SWCNT pulley model and thread-rich seam model system for massive nanomechanical energy storage.

a, Composite pulley system with an SWCNT rope. This system efficiently transports twisting motions along the curved SWCNT rope within a compact volume. With one end of the SWCNT rope fixed and the other end free to twist, the twisting motion propagates throughout the entire rope provided the friction between the pulley and the SWCNT rope is minimal. Thus, the composite pulley system makes it possible to produce densely packed SWCNT ropes, optimizing the utilization of twisting energy. b, SWCNT-rope-based thread model with seams, which is a highly dense and compact miniature version of the composite pulley system. The composite pulley system can provide a high density of SWCNT ropes in a small volume. When SWCNT ropes are substituted for traditional fibre threads in textile production, the resulting seams resemble a compound pulley system, making it possible to produce highly dense seams with SWCNT ropes. This textile form represents a miniature composite pulley system, offering significantly larger energy storage potential. Seam production is efficiently achieved using a sewing machine. Consequently, a machine analogous to a sewing machine can efficiently produce SWCNT-rope-based textile devices capable of storing substantial mechanical energy within a compact scale. The figure illustrates segments and the textile formed by these segments, with each segment capable of independent twisting to store massive amounts of twisting energy.