Extended Data Table 4 Pharmacokinetic analysis of ketamine and its metabolites following ketamine-loaded AAL or free ketamine 1.5 mg/kg over 5 min intravenous infusion

From: Acoustically activatable liposomes as a translational nanotechnology for site-targeted drug delivery and noninvasive neuromodulation

 

Units

Ketamine AAL (Mean ± SD)

Free Ketamine (Mean ± SD)

P-value AAL vs Free Ketamine

Ketamine

Cmax

ng/mL

381.60 ± 56.44

270.16 ± 38.97

0.164

Tmax

m

5 ± 0

5 ± 0

NA

t1/2

m

16.33 ± 0.99

17.00 ± 3.97

0.851

AUC0-t

ng/mL m

4416.27 ± 592.34

4098.46 ± 246.48

0.585

AUC0-∞ (obs)

ng/mL m

6847.83 ± 13.09.70

7116.36 ± 1027.23

0.842

MRT0-t

m

8.29 ± 0.05

9.47 ± 0.26

0.089

MRT0-∞ (obs)

m

21.14 ± 1.23

24.56 ± 5.65

0.544

VZ (obs)

L

1.25 ± 0.10

1.37 ± 0.33

0.700

Cl

L/m

0.053 ± 0.007

0.056 ± 0.001

0.713

VSS (obs)

L

1.143 ± 0.059

1.42 ± 0.406

0.510

Norketamine

Cmax

ng/mL

141.59 ± 19.37

106.76 ± 9.82

0.078

Tmax

m

5 ± 0

15 ± 14.14

0.500

t1/2

m

28.33 ± 6.66

NA

NA

AUC0-t

ng/mL m

2365.84 ± 188.01

1898.10 ± 2.51

0.127

MRT0-t

m

9.98 ± 0.41

10.83 ± 1.16

0.482

  1. Hydroxynorketamine levels were too low for the pharmacokinetics model to converge
  2. Cmax: maximum observed concentration; Tmax: time of maximum observed concentration; t1/2: half life (ln(2) / λZ); AUC0-t: area under the curve from 0 to last time point; AUC0-∞ (obs): area under the curve from 0 to infinity observed; MRT0-t: mean residence time from 0 to last time point; MRT0-∞ (obs): mean residence time from 0 to infinity observed; VZ (obs): volume of distribution observed; Cl: clearance observed; VSS (obs): volume of distribution at steady state observed.