Fig. 1: Different localized magnetic states in a thin plate of a chiral magnet.
From: Skyrmion–antiskyrmion pair creation and annihilation in a cubic chiral magnet
a, Micromagnetic simulation of a plate of thickness t = 50 nm of an isotropic chiral magnet that supports a skyrmion, an antiskyrmion, a skyrmion–antiskyrmion pair and a skyrmionium in a perpendicular magnetic field. The lateral size of the simulated domain is 512 × 512 nm2. The mesh size is 256 nodes × 256 nodes × 65 nodes. Periodic boundary conditions are applied in the x–y plane. The spin textures are visualized in the form of isosurfaces where mz = 0. The lower image shows an over-focused Lorentz TEM image calculated for the above spin texture for an electron beam that is parallel to the z axis. b, Sections of the spin textures in a at z = 0 (bottom), z = t/2 (middle) and z = t (top). The direction of magnetization is shown using a standard colour code: black and white denote up and down spins, respectively, whereas red, green and blue denote the azimuthal angle. c–e, Under-focused (c) and over-focused (d) Lorentz TEM images calculated for defocus distances of 800 μm and the corresponding calculated electron holographic phase-shift image (e).
