Fig. 3: Protocol for antiskyrmion nucleation and skyrmion–antiskyrmion pair production.
From: Skyrmion–antiskyrmion pair creation and annihilation in a cubic chiral magnet
a–l, Sequence of over-focused Lorentz TEM images recorded as a function of increasing external magnetic field Bext ∥ ez. The initial configuration in the zero field in a is identical to Fig. 2a. The white, red and yellow lines mark contours of 180° domain walls. The red and white contours form closed loops, whereas the yellow contours are discontinuous. With an increasing field, the white and yellow contours converge to form skyrmions, whereas the red contours converge to form antiskyrmions. After the annihilation of skyrmions and antiskyrmions marked by white and red dashed circles, respectively (g and h), the system converges to six antiskyrmions (i and j). On increasing the field further, the antiskyrmions collapse at Bext > 276 mT.
