Fig. 1: Overview of the simulation and wave activity in the foreshock and magnetosheath.
From: Transmission of foreshock waves through Earth’s bow shock
a, Colour map of the magnetic field strength fluctuations in the simulation plane at time t = 500 s from the beginning of the simulation. We subtract <B>50s, which is a 50 s average of the field magnitude, from B to reveal the fluctuations of the magnetic field magnitude. The black curve shows the approximate magnetopause location. The black arrows show the IMF direction, and the purple arrows depict the shock normal direction nshock at two positions along the bow shock. b, PSD of the total magnetic field fluctuations at the three locations marked by coloured circles in a. c, PSD of the magnetic field fluctuations parallel and perpendicular to the mean magnetic field at the virtual spacecraft location in the magnetosheath. The perpendicular directions are defined such that B⊥1 lies in the simulation (x–y) plane while B⊥2 completes the right-handed set.
