Fig. 4: Demonstration of the SubSy-protected corner state in a rhombic kagome lattice.

a,b, Left: experimentally established A-SubSy-preserving lattice (with bridges connecting B–B and C–C sites; a), and A-SubSy-breaking lattice (with bridges connecting A–A sites; b). The white arrows mark that the corner lattice site is initially excited. Middle: three-dimensional intensity plots of the output probe beam after propagating through the A-SubSy-preserving lattice (a), where light is solely populating the A sublattice, and through the A-SubSy-breaking lattice (b), where the presence of light in B and C sublattice sites clearly indicates a destroyed topological corner mode. Right: numerically obtained intensity patterns corresponding to the experimental results in the middle panels, respectively. The white circles added to 2D intensity plots in the insets depict the corner structure of the BKL.