Fig. 2: Turbulent kinetic energy spectra of EVP flows with various Bingham numbers.
From: Scaling and intermittency in turbulent flows of elastoviscoplastic fluids
Different BIngham numbers are plotted in colours from dark to light; BiΛ = 0, 0.0025, 0.025, 0.25, 2.5, 12.5 and 25 are plotted in black, purple, dark blue, light blue, dark green, light green and orange, respectively. The expected Kolmogorov scaling for a Newtonian fluid is shown by a grey dashed line, and the grey dash-dotted line represents an apparent new non-Newtonian scaling E ~ κ−2.3 that emerges at large BiΛ. Inset: variation of the mean values of the microscale Reynolds number ReΛ (right axis, plotted as squares) and the volume fraction of the unyielded regions Φ (left axis, plotted as diamonds) as a function of BiΛ. Error bars report the s.d. of ReΛ in time, measured using 103 samples. Plastic effects start to appear for BiΛ ≳ 1, suggesting that Λ is the relevant length scale of the problem.
