Fig. 3: Beam parameters for selected high-energy shots.
From: Laser-driven high-energy proton beams from cascaded acceleration regimes
a, TPS15 results (background substracted and normalized raw images) showing the zero deflection axis (Zero) and parabolic traces from protons (p) and ions (C6+/O8+) for the five most energetic shots (labelled 1–5). b, Corresponding particle spectra (solid lines) and maximum energies (squares) for TPS15 and TPS45, with error bars indicating the energy uncertainty as defined by the projected pinhole size (details in Methods). The green arrow displays the maximum energy measured by the TOF in the 31° direction. c, Angular dose distribution from radiochromic film (RCF) measurements for a representative high-energy shot. d, Particle spectra generated with the angular areas indicated by the respective dashed/dotted lines in c. e, Proton beam profiles from scintillator measurements for shots 1, 3 and 5. Two different absorber configurations (sketch) with spatially varying threshold energies (40, 80 and 100 MeV, respectively) were used. There is a clear shift of the acceleration direction of the high-energy protons towards the laser direction (smaller angles). The spectrometers’ axes are indicated by coloured circles (TPS15, blue; TOF31, green; TPS45, orange), and grey areas indicate parts without data. Horiz., horizontal; Norm, normalized; Vert., vertical.
