Extended Data Fig. 6: The thermal local topological phase transitions.
From: Thermal triggering for multi-state switching of polar topologies
The planar HAADF-STEM images after laser heating, record the local transitions from polar vortices to polar solitons. The dashed circles mark the ranges of solitons states. By changing the laser parameters and working distances, the local topological phase manipulations, ranging from several hundred nanometers to a few topologies (~30 nm) were achieved. Both in-situ and ex-situ laser experiments were conducted. The in-situ laser experiments were conducted by the in-situ optical fiber technique. The ex-situ experiments were conducted by ultrafast laser processing system. Scale bars, 50 nm.
