Extended Data Fig. 4: Phase field simulation of polar solitons.
From: Thermal triggering for multi-state switching of polar topologies
a–c, When treated the (SrTiO3)10/(PbTiO3)10 superlattice from 310 °C to RT, a (the RT polar vortices) transformed into c (the RT polar solitons). Scale bar, 5 nm. d, The enlarged areas of the polar mapping in a (marked by a red box) and c (marked by green and blue boxes), showing the configurations of different polar topologies. Scale bar, 2 nm.
