Fig. 1: Crypt morphology depends on lumen volume changes in a history-dependent manner.
From: Mechanochemical bistability of intestinal organoids enables robust morphogenesis
a, Cartoon representation of normal and mechanically perturbed crypt morphogenesis. b–d, Top, representative time-lapse recordings of the normal development (b) of intestinal organoids, as well as the lumen inflation (performed by PGE treatment) of both bulged (c) and budded (d) organoids. Bottom, corresponding degree of crypt opening and lumen volume (normalized by the maximum value) as a function of time (number of samples N = 4 in each scenario). The solid lines represent the mean values and the shaded regions represent the 95% confidence intervals. e, Left, bistable relationship between the degree of crypt opening and lumen inflation ratio: early lumen inflation (c; (i)→(ii)) impairs long-term crypt budding morphogenesis, whereas lumen inflation after normal development (d; (iii)→(iv)) has negligible effect (number of samples N = 4 in each scenario). Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. Right, representative snapshots of four types of crypt state: (i) day 3.5 bulged organoid; (ii) day 4 organoid that remained bulged due to long-term lumen inflation; (iii) day 4 budded organoid (unperturbed); and (iv) day 4 budded organoid after lumen inflation. Images are the maximum z projections of the organoids with DAPI and Lyz staining. Scale bars, 50 µm (b–e).
