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  • Perspective
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Chiral phonons

Nature Physics (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

A rapidly increasing body of work reporting phenomena associated with lattice vibrations carrying angular momentum has led to the emergence of the field of chiral phonons. Some of these properties, such as the phonon magnetic moment, also occur in achiral phonons that are circularly or elliptically polarized, while the presence of chirality has additional implications for the types of interaction allowed between the phonons and light, electrons and other quasiparticles. In this Perspective we introduce a framework for classifying phonons with angular momentum, and provide illustrations of the different types using examples from the recent literature. Specifically, we suggest the term ‘axial phonon’ to encompass all phonons that carry angular momentum, real or pseudo, and reserve the term ‘chiral phonon’ for those phonons that break improper rotational symmetry. We hope that this scheme provides clarification on the matter of phonon chirality and will serve as a guide for future research.

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Fig. 1: Manifestations of chirality in static and dynamic systems.
Fig. 2: Phonon angular momentum in hexagonal boron nitride.
Fig. 3: Chiral and axial phonons.
Fig. 4: Discoveries of chiral and axial phonons in the recent literature.

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Acknowledgements

We thank A. V. Balatsky, E. Bousquet, A. Disa, S. Kamba, L. Klebl, R. Merlin, A. Srivastava, A. Stroppa, M. Udina, P. Wong and D. Xiao for valuable discussions. M.B. acknowledges support from SNSF Ambizione project number PZ00P2_216089. P.B. and U.N. acknowledge funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant number 541503763). B.F. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant number NSF DMR-2144086. G.G. acknowledges support from STeP2 number ANR-22-EXES-0013, QuantExt number ANR-23-CE30-0001-01, Audace CEA number ANR-24-RRII-0004 and the École Polytechnique foundation. A.I.K. acknowledges the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO-I) for their financial contribution, including the support of the HFML-FELIX Laboratory. D.M.J. acknowledges support from Tel Aviv University and ERC Starting Grant CHIRALPHONONICS grant number 101166037. S.F.M. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant number 469405347). C.P.R. and N.A.S. were supported by ETH Zurich and by the European Union and Horizon 2020, grant agreement numbers 810451 and 101030352. R.M.G. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (VR starting grant number 2022-03350), the Olle Engkvist Foundation (grant number 229-0443), the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund (Horisont), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant number 2023.0087) and Chalmers University of Technology via the Department of Physics and the Areas of Advance Nano and Materials Science. Q.N. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 12234017) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant number 2023YFA1406300). H.R. acknowledges funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant number UKRI122) and Royal Society (grant number IES\R2\242309). T.S. acknowledges support from MEXT X-NICS (grant number JPJ011438), NINS OML Project (grant number OML012301) and JST CREST (grant number JPMJCR24R5). H.Z. acknowledges support from the Welch Foundation (grant number C-2128) and the National Science Foundation (grant number DMR-2240106). We acknowledge support from the Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire (CECAM) in connection to organizing the workshop "Chiral Phonons in Quantum Materials", held in 2023, where the idea for this paper emerged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Dominik M. Juraschek

  2. Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands

    Dominik M. Juraschek

  3. Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden

    R. Matthias Geilhufe

  4. Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Hanyu Zhu

  5. Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Hanyu Zhu & Andrey Baydin

  6. Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Hanyu Zhu & Andrey Baydin

  7. Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Martina Basini

  8. Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany

    Peter Baum & Ulrich Nowak

  9. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Andrey Baydin

  10. Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

    Swati Chaudhary

  11. Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany

    Michael Fechner

  12. Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA

    Benedetta Flebus

  13. Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/lRAMIS, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France

    Gael Grissonnanche

  14. HFML-FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

    Andrei I. Kirilyuk

  15. Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Klosterneuburg, Austria

    Mikhail Lemeshko

  16. Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany

    Sebastian F. Maehrlein

  17. Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany

    Sebastian F. Maehrlein

  18. Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Sebastian F. Maehrlein

  19. Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Liège, Belgium

    Maxime Mignolet

  20. NanoMat/Q-Mat, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium

    Maxime Mignolet

  21. European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Liège, Belgium

    Maxime Mignolet

  22. Department of Physics, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Shuichi Murakami & Takuya Satoh

  23. Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

    Qian Niu

  24. Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Carl P. Romao & Nicola A. Spaldin

  25. Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK

    Habib Rostami

  26. Quantum Research Center for Chirality, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Japan

    Takuya Satoh

  27. Center for Photon Science, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland

    Hiroki Ueda

  28. School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China

    Lifa Zhang

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  1. Dominik M. Juraschek
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Correspondence to Dominik M. Juraschek, R. Matthias Geilhufe or Hanyu Zhu.

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Juraschek, D.M., Geilhufe, R.M., Zhu, H. et al. Chiral phonons. Nat. Phys. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03001-9

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