An electrical method is shown to reliably introduce nonreciprocal behaviour across a Josephson junction made of high-temperature cuprate superconductors, which then, under microwave irradiation, forms a ‘quantum superconducting diode’. The device is magnetic-field-free, works at a temperature of 77 K with a diode efficiency of 100%, and, owing to Shapiro steps that quantize the output voltage, has robust noise-filtering.
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References
Nadeem, M., Fuhrer, M. S. & Wang, X. The superconducting diode effect. Nat. Rev. Phys. 5, 558–577 (2023). A review article that presents the superconducting diode effect, covering experimental and theoretical developments.
Hu, J., Wu, C. & Dai, X. Proposed design of a Josephson diode. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 067004 (2007). This paper makes the theoretical proposal of using high-temperature superconductors to realize the diode effect.
Zhu, Y. et al. Persistent Josephson tunneling between Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x flakes twisted by 45° across the superconducting dome. Phys. Rev. B 108, 174508 (2023). This paper presents our group’s discovery of the diode effect in two high-temperature cuprate Josephson junctions at 0° and 45° twist angles.
Zhao, S. Y. F. et al. Time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductivity between twisted cuprate superconductors. Science 382, 1422–1427 (2023). This paper presents the diode effect in high-temperature cuprate Josephson junctions and attributes the effect to time-reversal-symmetry-breaking superconductivity.
Ghosh, S. et al. High-temperature Josephson diode. Nat. Mater. 23, 612–618 (2024). This paper presents the diode effect in high-temperature cuprate Josephson junctions and attributes it to vortex-induced mechanisms.
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This is a summary of: Wang, H. et al. Quantum superconducting diode effect with perfect efficiency above liquid-nitrogen temperature. Nat. Phys. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03098-y (2025).
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A super-conducting diode with ultimate efficiency and noise resilience at 77 K. Nat. Phys. 22, 13–14 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03118-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-025-03118-x
