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Leadless and extravascular cardiac resynchronization therapy: the future for CRT?

Nature Reviews Cardiology volume 22, pages 529–531 (2025)Cite this article

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Cardiac resynchronization therapy is used to treat dyssynchronous heart failure. Lead-related complications and anatomical constraints can limit pacing lead placement, but leadless systems are now becoming available. These new systems overcome lead-related issues, offering a new option for patients with complex disease (such as congenital heart disease) by eliminating intravascular hardware.

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Fig. 1: Leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Imperial College London, London, UK

    Steven Niederer

  2. The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK

    Steven Niederer

  3. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Henry Chubb

  4. Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Henry Chubb

  5. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Kenneth C. Bilchick

  6. Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Kenneth C. Bilchick

  7. Department of Cardiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

    Christopher Aldo Rinaldi

  8. School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

    Christopher Aldo Rinaldi

  9. Cleveland Clinic London, London, UK

    Christopher Aldo Rinaldi

Authors
  1. Steven Niederer
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  2. Henry Chubb
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  3. Kenneth C. Bilchick
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  4. Christopher Aldo Rinaldi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven Niederer.

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Competing interests

S.N. has received research support form EBR Systems. C.A.R. has received research funding and speaker fees from Abbott, EBR Systems and Siemens. The other authors declare no competing interests.

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Niederer, S., Chubb, H., Bilchick, K.C. et al. Leadless and extravascular cardiac resynchronization therapy: the future for CRT?. Nat Rev Cardiol 22, 529–531 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-025-01178-3

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