Table 3 Neutralizing antibodies targeting the S2 subunit of the spike protein

From: Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses

Antibodies

Binding epitope in S2 subunit

Mechanism of neutralization

Viruses neutralized

Refs.

S2P6

S2 stem helix

Inhibits membrane fusion

Beta-CoVs (sarbecoviruses, merbecoviruses and embecoviruses)

83

CC40.8

S2 stem helix

Inhibits membrane fusion

Beta-CoVs (sarbecoviruses, HCoV-HKU1)

84

WS6

S2 stem helix

Inhibits membrane fusion

Beta-CoVs (sarbecoviruses)

85

COV44-79

S2 fusion peptide

Inhibits membrane fusion

Alpha-CoVs and beta-CoVs (except MERS-CoV)

86

COV44-62, VN01H1, VP12E7, 76E1

S2 fusion peptide

Inhibits membrane fusion

Alpha-CoVs and beta-CoVs

86,87,88

C77G12

S2 fusion peptide

Inhibits membrane fusion

Beta-CoVs

87

  1. The table provides an overview of neutralizing antibodies targeting the S2 subunit of the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and related coronaviruses. See Supplementary Table S3 for a more detailed description of each antibody. alpha-CoV, alphacoronavirus; beta-CoV, betacoronavirus; HCoV, human coronavirus; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.