Extended Data Fig. 4: Impaired tumour recruitment of MDSCs enhances response to surgical castration in different allograft models of prostate cancers.

a, Schematic representation of the experiment. Six-week-old C57BL/6 males were challenged subcutaneously with TRAMP-C1 cells. When tumours reached approximately 100 mm³, mice were surgically castrated and left untreated (CTX, n = 8) or treated with CXCR2 antagonist (CTX and CXCR2 antagonist, n = 9). Representative flow cytometry plots of PMN-MDSCs (CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ cells, gated on CD45⁺ cells) in tumours for each experimental condition. b, qRT–PCR analyses of the indicated genes in the prostate tumours after CTX or CTX and CXCR2 antagonist treatment (n = 3 per group). Data are mean ± sem. Statistical analyses (unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test): *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. c, Mean tumour volume (±s.e.m.) for each experimental group. Statistical analyses (unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test): ***P < 0.001. d, Survival curves are reported in Kaplan–Meier plot. Statistical analyses (two-sided log-rank test): ***P < 0.001. e, Schematic representation of the experiment. Six-week-old FVB males were challenged subcutaneously with MyC-CaP cells. When tumours reached approximately 100 mm³, mice were surgically castrated and left untreated (CTX, n = 5) or treated with CXCR2 antagonist (CTX and CXCR2 antagonist, n = 5). Representative flow cytometry plots of PMN-MDSCs (CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ cells, gated on CD45⁺ cells) in tumours for each experimental condition. f, qRT–PCR analyses of the indicated genes in the prostate tumours after CTX or CTX and CXCR2 antagonist treatment (n = 3 per group). Data are mean ± s.e.m. Statistical analyses (unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test): **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. g, Average tumour volume (±s.e.m.) for each experimental group. Statistical analyses (two-sided unpaired Student’s t-test followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test): *P < 0.05. h, Survival curves reported as Kaplan–Meier plot. Statistical analyses (two-sided log-rank test): **P < 0.01. i, Schematic representation of the experiment. Six-week-old NOD/SCID males were challenged subcutaneously with LNCaP cells or with LNCaP cells and human BM-MDSCs. When tumours reached approximately 70 mm³, mice were sham-operated (sham, n = 5) or sham-operated and injected every three days intraperitoneally with 3 × 10⁶ human BM-MDSCs (sham and human BM-MDSCs, n = 5) or surgically castrated and left untreated (CTX, n = 8) or treated with human BM-MDSCs (CTX and human BM-MDSCs, n = 5). j, Average tumour volume (±s.e.m.) for each experimental group. Statistical analyses (unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test): **P < 0.01.

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