Extended Data Fig. 4: Influence of intercalated water and oxygen content on conducting filament formation in GO membranes.
From: Electrically controlled water permeation through graphene oxide membranes
a, b, Topography and the corresponding TUNA current images of GO membranes after filament formation at 40% RH (a and b, respectively) and inside liquid water (c and d). e, I–V characteristics of pristine and partially reduced (‘pr’) GO membranes during the first voltage sweep at 100% RH show partial breakdown. f, TUNA current image of a partially reduced GO membrane after filament formation. The conducting filaments are marked by red circles. Scale bars, 2 μm.
