Extended Data Fig. 7: The GRF4–SLR1 antagonism regulates carbon assimilation and plant growth.

a, b, Relative shoot abundances of carbon-fixation gene mRNAs. Abundances of transcripts of genes regulating photosynthesis (a), sucrose metabolism and transport/phloem loading (b) in NJ6, NJ6-sd1 and NJ6-sd1-GRF4^ngr2 plants. Abundances in NJ6 and NJ6-sd1-GRF4^ngr2 are expressed relative to NJ6-sd1 (set to 1). c, ChIP–PCR assays. Diagrams depict the PsbS1, TPS1 and SWEET11 promoters and regions used for ChIP–PCR, and GCGG-containing promoter fragment (marked with asterisks) enrichment (relative to input). a–c, Data are mean ± s.e.m. (n = 3). d, Transactivation assays. The luciferase/renilla activity obtained from a co-transfection with an empty effector construct and indicated reporter constructs was set to 1. Data are mean ± s.e.m. (n = 9). e, Immunoblot detection of Lhca1, Lhca3, Lhca4, Lhcb2, PsaD and PsaE using antibodies as shown in genotypes as indicated. HSP90 serves as loading control. Blots are representative of three experiments performed independently with similar results. f–i, Comparisons of photosynthetic rates (f), biomass (g), carbon content (h) and C:N ratio (i) in NJ6, NJ6-sd1 and NJ6-sd1-GRF4^ngr2 plants. Data are mean ± s.e.m. (n = 30). j, Relative shoot abundances of mRNAs transcribed from cell-cycle regulatory genes in NJ6, NJ6-sd1 and NJ6-sd1-GFR4^ngr2 plants. Transcription is relative to NJ6-sd1 plants (set to 1). Data are mean ± s.e.m. (n = 3). k, ChIP–PCR assays. Diagrams depict the cycA1.1 and cdc2Os-3 promoters and regions (GCGG-containing fragment marked with asterisks) used for ChIP–PCR. Data are mean ± s.e.m. (n = 3). l, Transactivation assays from the cycA1.1and cdc2Os-3 promoters. Data are mean ± s.e.m. (n = 12). a–d, f–l, Different letters denote significant differences (P < 0.05) from Duncan’s multiple range tests.