Extended Data Fig. 5: Osteoblast-stimulating effects of RANKL-crosslinking agents.
From: Coupling of bone resorption and formation by RANKL reverse signalling
a, Influence of mTORC1 inhibitor (rapamycin) on nuclear Runx2 in ST2 cells stimulated with αR-tri or αB-tri. b, Time course of nuclear Runx2 in mouse primary osteoblasts stimulated with αR-tri or αB-tri. c, Time course of osteoblastic marker expression in mouse primary osteoblasts stimulated with αR-tri, αB-tri, or vehicle (n = 3). d, Activation of PI3K–Akt–mTORC1 pathway in ST2 cells stimulated with RANKL-crosslinking agents, RANK-Fc plus beads, OPG-Fc plus beads, RANK-Fc plus IgM, and OPG-Fc plus IgM. Vehicle, RANK-Fc, OPG-Fc, beads, and IgM were used as respective controls. 10 μg ml−1 mOC-SEVs (containing about 1 ng ml−1 RANK) and 1 μg ml−1 RANK-Fc or OPG-Fc was used. e. Expression of osteoblast markers in ST2 cells after 5 days of stimulation with RANKL-crosslinking agents. (n = 3). c, e, Data are mean, with individual points representing biologically independent samples. One-way ANOVA followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
