Extended Data Fig. 2: All temperature–trait relationships.

Slope of temperature–trait relationships over space (within-species (ITV) and across communities (CWM)) and with interannual variation in temperature (community temperature sensitivity). Spatial - ITV, spatial relationship between ITV and temperature; spatial-CWM, spatial relationship between CWM and summer temperature; temporal sensitivity-CWM, temperature sensitivity of CWM (that is, correspondence between interannual variation in CWM values with interannual variation in temperature). Error bars represent 95% credible intervals on the slope estimate. We used five-year mean temperatures (temperature of the survey year and four previous years) to estimate temperature sensitivity, because this interval has been shown to explain vegetation change in tundra²⁰ and alpine²⁹ plant communities. All slope estimates are in transformed units (height = log(cm), LDMC = logit(g g⁻¹), leaf area = log(cm²), leaf nitrogen = log(mg g⁻¹), SLA = log(mm² mg⁻¹)). Community (CWM) temperature–trait relationships are estimated across all 117 sites; intraspecific temperature–trait relationships are estimated as the mean of 108 and 109 species for SLA, 80 and 86 species for plant height, 74 and 72 species for leaf nitrogen, 85 and 76 species for leaf area, and 43 and 52 species for LDMC, for summer and winter temperature, respectively (see Methods for details).