Extended Data Fig. 6: 11-mix-mediated enhancement of host protection against Listeria monocytogenes infection.
From: A defined commensal consortium elicits CD8 T cells and anti-cancer immunity
a, Experimental design for germ-free mouse-based studies in b, c (and Fig. 3a–d), C57BL/6 germ-free mice were colonized with 11- or 10-mix, or were left uncolonized as a control. The mice were then orally infected with Lm-WT. b, Listeria CFU in the colon on day 3 after infection. c, Representative H&E staining on day 3 after infection. Scale bar, 50 μm. d, Experimental design for SPF mouse-based studies in e–l (and Fig. 3e–g). C57BL/6 SPF mice were treated with AVMN, then reconstituted with SPFfae by oral gavage. In the 11-mix treatment group (+11mix), initial administration of the 11-mix was done simultaneously with SPFfae, followed by repetitive oral gavage of the 11-mix alone at the indicated time points. Mice were then orally (e–k) or intraperitoneally (l) treated with Lm-InlAm (e, f), Lm-WT (g–j, l) or Lm-OVA (k). e, g, Representative H&E staining on days 5 (e) and 3 (g) after infection. Scale bar, 50 μm. f, l, Listeria CFU in the indicated tissues on day 5 (f) or 3 (l) after infection. h, Colonic histology score at the indicated time points after Lm-WT infection. i, j, Percentage weight change over the course of Lm-WT infection. k, Number of OVA peptide SIINFEKL-specific or general (determined by PMA+ionomycin stimulation) colonic IFNγ+ CD8 T cells induced after Lm-OVA infection, as enumerated by flow cytometry at the indicated time points. The mean of each group is represented by a line. Note that the expansion of general IFNγ+ CD8 T cells occurred as early as 3 days after infection, sooner than that of antigen-specific IFNγ+ CD8 T cells. Therefore, the 11-mix seems to elicit both general and antigen-specific induction. To deplete CD8 T cells, anti-CD8α antibody was administered intraperitoneally 1 day before the administration of 11-mix, and every 3–4 days thereafter. Each circle represents an individual animal. The number of mice in each group is shown. Data are mean and s.d. **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s test (b, f), two-tailed unpaired t-test (h), two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s test (j, k), or two-tailed Mann–Whitney test (l). See Source Data for exact P values.
